It was a sunny Thursday afternoon in my clinic, and the waiting room was buzzing with conversations. I glanced at my schedule and saw Nisha’s name. She was one of my long-time patients, a 35-year-old marketing executive who always seemed to be juggling a million things at once. I smiled, remembering her zest for life, but today’s note said she was here for frequent urination and discomfort.
A few minutes later, Nisha walked in, her usual bright demeanor replaced with a look of frustration.
“Hi, Dr. Priya,” she said with a sigh, collapsing into the chair. “I think it’s happening again. I can’t seem to shake off this discomfort. Every time I pee, it burns, and I feel like I need to go a hundred times a day. I don’t know what to do.”
I nodded sympathetically. “It sounds like cystitis again, Nisha. Let’s talk through it and see how we can manage it this time.”
What is Cystitis?
“Cystitis is simply inflammation of the bladder,” I explained. “It’s incredibly common among women, especially during certain stages of life — like after you start being sexually active, during pregnancy, or after menopause.”
Nisha raised an eyebrow. “I thought it was just a bad urinary tract infection.”
“Well, you’re not entirely wrong,” I said, smiling. “It’s often caused by bacteria, particularly a type called Escherichia coli (E. coli), which can travel up from the outside of your body into your bladder. But sometimes, cystitis can happen for other reasons too.”
What Causes Cystitis?
I leaned forward to explain further. “There are several common causes of cystitis. Let’s go through them together.”
- Bacterial Infection: The most common cause. Bacteria from the bowel, usually E. coli, can travel to the urethra and bladder, causing an infection. This is why wiping from front to back is so important.
- Sexual Activity: Friction during intercourse can push bacteria into the urethra, which is why it’s sometimes called ‘honeymoon cystitis.’ I noticed Nisha nodding knowingly.
- Pregnancy: Hormonal changes can make you more susceptible to infections.
- Menopause: The drop in estrogen can lead to thinning of the bladder lining, making it more prone to infections.
- Other Factors: Things like holding in urine for too long, wearing tight underwear, using scented soaps, or bubble baths can also irritate the bladder.
“Does any of this sound familiar?” I asked.
“Yes,” Nisha replied. “I’ve been working late and drinking less water. I’ve also been wearing those tight jeans more often. Maybe that’s what triggered it.”
Symptoms of Cystitis
“Let’s go over the typical symptoms of cystitis,” I said, handing her a small chart for reference.
| Symptom | Description |
|---|---|
| Burning or stinging | A sharp, burning pain when passing urine. |
| Frequent urination | Feeling the need to urinate more often. |
| Passing small amounts of urine | Urinating frequently but only small volumes. |
| Discoloured or smelly urine | Cloudy, dark, or foul-smelling urine. |
| Pain in the abdomen or back | Aching pain in the lower abdomen or back. |
| Feeling generally unwell | Fatigue, fever, or chills in severe cases. |
Nisha nodded as she read through the list. “That’s exactly how I feel.”
Risks of Untreated Cystitis
“It’s uncomfortable but not life-threatening,” I explained. “However, if we don’t treat it properly, the infection can spread to your kidneys, which is serious. That’s why it’s important to address it sooner rather than later.”
Nisha’s eyes widened. “I didn’t realize it could get that bad.”
“Yes, and that’s why I’m glad you came in today,” I said reassuringly.
How Do We Treat Cystitis?
Self-Help Measures
“I know you’re busy, Nisha, but there are simple things you can do at home to relieve the symptoms.”
- Stay Hydrated: Drink 2 to 3 cups of water initially, then one cup every 30 minutes. This helps flush out bacteria.
- Empty Your Bladder Fully: Don’t rush. Make sure you empty your bladder completely each time you go.
- Warmth and Comfort: Use a heating pad on your lower abdomen to ease discomfort.
- Personal Hygiene: Wipe from front to back after using the bathroom. Avoid perfumed soaps and bubble baths.
- Pain Relief: Over-the-counter medications like paracetamol or ibuprofen can help with the pain.
I handed her a leaflet with these tips. “Sometimes, these simple steps are enough to clear up mild cases.”
Medical Treatment
“But if the symptoms last longer than 24 hours, or if you have a fever or back pain, you should see me again,” I said. “In that case, we’ll need to do a urine test to see what bacteria are causing the infection.”
I continued, “If it’s bacterial cystitis, I’ll prescribe a short course of antibiotics. It’s important to finish the entire course, even if you feel better after a few days.”
“Got it,” Nisha replied. “I’ll be sure to take them properly this time.”
How to Prevent Future Cystitis Attacks
“I know cystitis can feel like a recurring nightmare,” I said with a sympathetic smile. “But there are ways to prevent it.”
- Drink Plenty of Water: At least 2 liters a day. Staying hydrated flushes out bacteria.
- Don’t Hold It In: Empty your bladder regularly, and always after sex.
- Hygiene Practices: Wash your genital area with mild soap. Avoid scented products.
- Cotton Underwear: Wear breathable fabrics and avoid tight jeans.
- Cranberry Supplements: Some studies show cranberry juice or capsules can help reduce recurrences.
Nisha took notes. “I’ll make these changes, especially the drinking water part. I guess my coffee addiction isn’t helping.”
I laughed. “It’s okay to have coffee, but balance it with water.”
FAQs About Cystitis
1. Can cystitis go away on its own?
Yes, mild cases can resolve with self-care, but if symptoms persist more than 24 hours, consult a doctor.
2. Is cystitis contagious?
No, it’s not contagious, but it can be triggered by sexual activity.
3. Can men get cystitis?
Yes, though it’s more common in women due to a shorter urethra.
4. What should I avoid during a cystitis flare-up?
Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods, as they can irritate the bladder.
5. When should I see a doctor?
If symptoms worsen, you develop a fever, or experience back pain.
Final Thoughts
As Nisha got ready to leave, she smiled. “Thanks, Dr. Priya. I feel like I have a plan now.”
“You’re welcome, Nisha. Remember, cystitis is common, and you’re not alone in this. Keep up with the self-care, and don’t hesitate to come back if things don’t improve.”
She walked out with renewed confidence, and I knew she was on the path to feeling better.