As a doctor, I’ve seen the harsh realities of cancer far too often. It’s not just the patient who suffers; the entire family feels the emotional and financial burden. What’s even more troubling is seeing people fall for overpriced “miracle cures” that prey on their fear. Pillows, blankets, even fruit juices sold at sky-high prices near hospitals—none of it cures cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, there’s no evidence to support claims that alternative treatments like certain fruits or supplements can cure cancer.

That’s why I’ve written this piece—to provide clear, factual information about what cancer is, how it develops, and most importantly, how we can reduce our risk. Understanding cancer is the first step, but prevention—making small but significant lifestyle choices—could save lives.

How Cancer Begins: A Battle Within

Cancer begins quietly, deep inside the body, where cells usually behave in an orderly way—growing, dividing, and dying at the right time. But when something disrupts this natural cycle, things can go wrong. Cells mutate, meaning their DNA, the instructions that control cell growth, get scrambled. Instead of dying when they should, these rogue cells continue to divide, and more importantly, they don’t follow the rules. This uncontrolled division is what leads to cancer.

According to the National Cancer Institute, genetic mutations are the root cause of cancer. These mutations can be inherited from your parents, or they can happen over time due to exposure to things like cigarette smoke, harmful chemicals, or even too much sun. Cancer doesn’t always develop immediately. Sometimes, the body holds on to these mutated cells for years before they form tumors or spread to other parts of the body.

The Hidden Risk: Everyday Choices and Cancer

Many people don’t realize how much our daily habits can affect cancer risk. We make small choices every day, like what we eat, how much we exercise, or how long we spend in the sun. Each of these choices matters.

• Smoking is one of the leading causes of cancer, especially lung cancer. But it’s not just cigarettes. Even secondhand smoke can increase the risk for those around you. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that smoking remains one of the top preventable causes of cancer.
• Diet also plays a big role. Many people don’t see the harm in processed meats, sugary drinks, or salty snacks, but these foods promote inflammation and can set the stage for cancer. On the other hand, a diet rich in plant-based foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins, like the Mediterranean diet, can actually lower your risk.
• Alcohol in excess increases the risk of cancers like liver, throat, and breast cancer. Moderation is key.
• Sun exposure is another overlooked danger. We love the sunshine, but too much UV light damages the skin, leading to cancer. Always wear sunscreen, even on cloudy days, and avoid tanning beds altogether.
• Viruses, like HPV and hepatitis B, can also silently increase your cancer risk. These infections can lead to cervical and liver cancers, respectively. Fortunately, vaccines for both are available.

The truth is, cancer doesn’t happen overnight. It’s often the result of years of small, accumulated risks. But that also means we can take steps to lower our chances of getting cancer by making healthier choices.

The Warning Signs: What to Watch For

Cancer can be sneaky. It often doesn’t make itself known until it’s more advanced, but there are some signs and symptoms that shouldn’t be ignored. Being aware of these can make a world of difference.

• Lumps or growths: A lump that wasn’t there before could be a sign that something is wrong.
• Unexplained weight loss: If you’re losing weight without trying, it could be a warning sign.
• Fever and fatigue: Feeling constantly tired or running a low-grade fever without explanation can be early indicators.
• Pain: Persistent pain in areas like your bones, abdomen, or chest should be checked.
• Night sweats: Waking up drenched in sweat could be a symptom of cancer.
• Changes in digestion: If your bowel habits change—like persistent constipation or diarrhea—it could be a sign that your digestive system is under threat.
• Skin changes: Look out for moles that change shape, size, or color. Also, if sores don’t heal, it’s time to see a doctor.
• Persistent cough: A lingering cough that won’t go away, especially if it comes with blood, is a reason to seek medical advice.

If you notice any of these symptoms, don’t ignore them. Early detection can save lives, and the earlier cancer is caught, the more treatment options are available.

Cancer Prevention: Your Best Defense

Prevention is always better than cure, and when it comes to cancer, the same rule applies. While we can’t control everything, we do have the power to make lifestyle changes that significantly lower our risk.

1. Quit smoking: Tobacco is a leading cause of several cancers, and even secondhand smoke can be deadly. If you’ve been thinking about quitting, now is the time.
2. Rethink your diet: Focus on plant-based foods, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Reduce your intake of processed meats and sugary snacks. The Mediterranean diet is an excellent choice, as it emphasizes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and fish, which can lower your risk of many cancers.
3. Moderate alcohol consumption: If you drink, do so in moderation. Excessive alcohol is linked to cancers of the liver, throat, and breast.
4. Exercise regularly: Aim for at least 150 to 300 minutes of moderate physical activity each week. This helps maintain a healthy body weight and keeps your immune system strong, both of which reduce cancer risk.
5. Protect your skin: We love our sunny days, but UV rays are dangerous. Always wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen, even on cloudy days, and don’t forget to reapply it. Hats, sunglasses, and clothing that cover your skin can help too. Avoid tanning beds entirely.
6. Get vaccinated: Some cancers are caused by viruses, such as HPV and hepatitis B. Vaccination is a powerful tool in preventing these infections, which in turn can prevent related cancers.

Prevention isn’t about drastic changes. It’s about making small, consistent adjustments that can lower your cancer risk over time.

Catching Cancer Early: Why Screenings Matter

Early detection is one of the best ways to improve survival rates. The sooner cancer is detected, the more effective treatment can be. Regular cancer screenings should be a part of your health routine, especially if you have a family history or other risk factors.

• Cervical and Prostate Cancer: These can often be detected early through routine exams.
• Skin Cancer: A quick visit to the dermatologist can catch early changes in moles or skin lesions.
• Colorectal Cancer: Colonoscopies can detect this cancer before symptoms even start. It’s recommended to begin screenings at age 45.
• Breast Cancer: Regular mammograms can help catch breast cancer early. Starting at age 40 to 45, depending on your risk, is ideal.

The Takeaway: Focus on Prevention, Not Myths

Too often, I see people putting their trust in false promises—fruit juices or “miracle” herbal treatments that claim to cure cancer. The truth is, there’s no quick fix. Cancer is complex, and it requires real, science-backed treatment. Don’t let yourself be fooled by myths or overpriced gimmicks.

Instead, let’s focus on what we can control. Prevention starts with the small decisions we make each day. Eat well, move your body, protect your skin, and get vaccinated. And remember, life is precious. Protect it by staying informed, making healthy choices, and getting regular check-ups.