Understanding and Managing Dry Eyes: A Comprehensive Guide

It was a breezy afternoon as Emma sat on her porch, sipping her favorite tea while skimming through her book. But every few moments, she blinked excessively, rubbed her eyes, and adjusted her glasses. “My eyes are constantly stinging,” she said, frustrated. When Emma reached out to me, she described a burning sensation, redness, and an annoying feeling of grit in her eyes. These symptoms hinted at a condition common in adults and increasingly seen with prolonged screen use—dry eyes.

What Are Dry Eyes?

Dry eyes occur when the eyes fail to produce sufficient tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly, leaving the eyes inadequately lubricated. Tears are crucial for maintaining eye health and clear vision, as they provide hydration, nourishment, and protection against infections. This condition can affect anyone, but it’s more prevalent in older adults, especially women going through menopause. The symptoms often worsen in environments with air conditioning, windy weather, or prolonged screen exposure.

Causes of Dry Eyes

Emma’s story is not uncommon, as several factors contribute to dry eyes. Aging naturally decreases tear production. Hormonal changes, particularly during menopause, play a significant role in women. Environmental factors like wind, air conditioning, or prolonged exposure to screens can exacerbate symptoms. Medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren’s syndrome are often associated with dry eyes. Certain medications, including beta-blockers, antihistamines, and antidepressants, can reduce tear production. Cold or dry weather increases tear evaporation, and reduced blinking during prolonged computer use worsens dryness.

Symptoms of Dry Eyes

Dry eye symptoms can range from mild discomfort to significant impact on quality of life. These include burning or stinging sensations, itching, especially in the corners of the eyes, a scratchy or gritty feeling, redness resembling bloodshot eyes, tired eyes and difficulty focusing, mucus discharge, and a sensation of dryness or “sticky” eyes.

Testing for Dryness

An easy and quick method to demonstrate dryness is the Eyelid Separation Test. To perform this, open your eyelids wide apart for about 20 seconds. If you experience burning, stinging, or discomfort, it could indicate dry eyes. This test can help individuals recognize the need for further evaluation.

Risks Associated With Dry Eyes

While dry eyes are generally not a serious risk to vision, they can cause complications if left untreated. The condition can lead to blepharitis, an inflammation of the eyelids, or more severe eye infections. Additionally, persistent symptoms may impact daily life, making simple tasks like reading, driving, or wearing contact lenses challenging.

Treatment for Dry Eyes

Treating dry eyes focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving tear quality. Lubricating eye drops mimic natural tears and are available over the counter. Common options include Poly Visc, Duratears, and Lacri-Lube S.O.P. These drops are usually applied 1–2 times during the day, providing instant relief. Tear-stimulating drops like Theratears or Cellufresh improve natural tear production over time. Lubricating gels or ointments are thicker and offer prolonged hydration, making them ideal for use at night.

Method of Instilling Eye Drops

Proper technique ensures the drops are effective. Sit with your head tilted back or recline on a chair. Look up and pull down the lower eyelid gently. Place a drop into the pocket created without touching the eye or dropper tip. Close your eyes and press the inner corner gently for 30 seconds to prevent drainage.

Lifestyle Modifications for Dry Eyes

Simple changes in daily habits can significantly improve symptoms. Blink regularly, especially during screen use. Use a humidifier to maintain moisture in the air. Wear protective eyewear like wraparound sunglasses to protect against wind and UV light. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day.

Emma’s Relief

After I shared these tips and prescribed lubricating eye drops, Emma felt a noticeable difference within a week. “I can finally enjoy reading again,” she said with a smile during our next conversation. It was a simple yet profound reminder that addressing minor discomforts can have a significant impact on life.

FAQs About Dry Eyes